Reaction time as a measure of binocular interaction in human vision.

In a series of psychophysical experiments monocular and binocular reaction times (RTs) were measured in response to the presentation of sinusoidal grating patterns. Over a wide range of contrast values, binocular RT was consistently faster than monocular RT, even at high-contrast levels where RT had reached asymptotic levels. For observers with good stereopsis this binocular summation effect was greater than that expected on the basis of probability summation alone, whereas observers with deficient stereopsis performed at the level of probability summation. For normal observers broadband random noise presented to one eye produced an elevation in RT to gratings presented to the other eye; no such dichoptic masking effect was found in a stereoblind observer. These results validate the use of RT as an efficient, reliable measure of binocular interaction in human vision.